A raider takeover is a forceful takeover of an enterprise against the will of its owners, managers or shareholders. Raiding is an artificial creation of conditions that can greatly reduce the value of the assets of a seized enterprise or joint-stock company. Raiding is constantly transforming into new forms, becoming more sophisticated, and more and more difficult to recognize.
Instructions
Step 1
The emergence of joint-stock enterprises was the impetus for the emergence of raider seizures. Thanks to shares, it became possible to take away or take over entire enterprises without the consent of their management.
Step 2
Raider seizures of enterprises became widespread in the 70s and 80s of the last century. At that time, "junk bonds" were used for these purposes, which were issued by companies that did not have a solid business reputation. These bonds were used by raiders to take over and buy back companies. They were offered to shareholders instead of cash. Michael Milken was the first to come up with this way of taking over businesses. Through such machinations, he managed to amass a huge fortune.
Step 3
In Russia, the impetus for the emergence of raiding was privatization. Enterprises with assets worth billions of dollars launched a bankruptcy mechanism. As a result, such an enterprise was bought for several million. Since that time, raider seizures of enterprises have become commonplace in modern Russia.
Step 4
One of the most common types of raider takeover is credit raiding. For example, a company issues a loan, and its assets are collateral. The bank deliberately begins to create unrealizable conditions for repayment of debt, as a result of which the property of the enterprise is alienated on completely legal grounds.
Step 5
The raider can strike a blow at the enterprise by buying back all its debts and presenting the debt for repayment. Will force you to pay off all the debt in a lump sum.
Step 6
Another type of raiding - bank experts several times underestimate the valuation of assets at the stage of obtaining a loan by an enterprise. As a result, the enterprise may simply not have enough production capacity to be able to get out of this situation.
Step 7
Corporate blackmail - shareholders interfere with the normal functioning of the enterprise in the expectation that the company's management will buy out of the share at an inflated price. For example, strikes or constant inspections by regulatory authorities begin at the enterprise.
Step 8
"Gray raiding" is an activity that proceeds with all kinds of violations of civil law. At the same time, everything looks quite legal from the outside. "Gray raiding" is a whole well-thought-out fraud scheme. Bribery of responsible officials and forgery of necessary documents often take place.
Step 9
“Black raiding” violates all the norms of criminal law. There is a forceful seizure of the enterprise, bribery, blackmail, forgery of the register of shareholders and even the forceful elimination of dissent.
Step 10
Typical signs of a raider takeover of an enterprise: a sudden change in management or security, changes in the composition of shareholders, a massive buyback of shares, interference in the operation of the enterprise by local and federal authorities and the conclusion of transactions that may be harmful.