At the household level, any consumer involuntarily becomes not only a “simple buyer”, but also a commodity expert: competent reading of some labels and labels requires certain knowledge. This primarily concerns the decoding of articles - conditional digital and alphabetic designations assigned to the product for its identification. Articles, as codes, streamline the keeping of records of goods and trade documentation, speed up the ordering process, and facilitate the study of demand.
Instructions
Step 1
The need to systematize information about a particular product is dictated by the needs of both the production of products itself and the issues of their promotion. In this case, the necessary classification (the article is one of its signs) is carried out according to the most essential characteristics of the goods (raw materials, properties, etc.).
Step 2
Understand the basic concept of products. All of them are subdivided into consumer (i.e. for personal use, including food, non-food and medical), industrial goods (for the production of other goods) and office equipment (for administrative and managerial activities). The hierarchy of all these products is multistage: genus, class, group, subgroup, species, variety (brands, models, standard sizes, etc.). Systematically, it is set out in the All-Russian Classifier of Products (OKP), the names of which are reflected in the numbers of the articles.
Step 3
An article is often called a brief conditional characteristic of a product, indicating its particular features. This characteristic will always be different for different groups of goods. For example, for a specific shoe model, the following will be essential: the technology of its production, design and purpose, the material from which the product is made.
Step 4
According to GOST, the first letter of the article for shoes indicates the purpose of the product and the method of production, the second and third - the type of leather. This is followed by the numbers: the type of shoe, its type, the method of fastening. The letter after the numbers is the designation of the color of the material from which the top is made. However, most modern shoe manufacturing (including in Russia) abandon the strict rules for detailed coding of the article, simplify it.
Step 5
Its own rules for drawing up fabric articles. For example, in linen fabrics, the first two digits of the code are a characteristic of a group of fabrics, which is a reference to its purpose or type of production. The third number is the sign of the subgroup and the characteristic of the fibrous composition of the web. That is, if the third digit of the article is 2, then this means: the fabric is semi-linen. The fourth and further digits may vary (this is the serial number of the fabric). For example, article 08101 means: multi-colored linen fabric.
Step 6
Foreign manufacturers have their own procedure for assigning articles. Let's give an example of decoding the article of gloves from one of the Western European factories. The first three digits indicate the model of the product, for example 001-199 are men's gloves, 200-599 are ladies' gloves. Further, the fourth and fifth digits determine the material from which the samples are made. For example, velor is assigned the code 04, pigskin - 09. The sixth digit of the article number (from 1 to 8) determines the material (type) of the lining. Behind the number 1 there will be wool, behind the 3 - sheepskin, 8 - muton. The last number denotes a color, but numbers are indicated only in two versions: 1 means black, 3 - all other colors. Seeing the article 8001323 on the glove label, you will decipher the following information with the help of a commodity expert or special catalogs: before you - ladies' automobile gloves made of crack with a lining of brown silk.
