Property is studied by a number of social sciences: law, philosophy, economics. Each of them has its own understanding of the term "property". In economics, this is one of the main categories, due to the presence of various forms of entrepreneurship and the emergence of new ones.
When we talk about property, it usually means either the property itself that belongs to someone, or the very ownership of this property by someone. In this case, the owner of the property is the subject of ownership, and what belongs to him is the object of ownership. It is not just some kind of property in the form of material objects (buildings and structures, land, natural objects), but also intangible goods, energy, information, intelligence, if they specifically belong to the subject. At the same time, property is the relationship of people with each other about this property (the relationship "mine" - "someone else's"). The emergence of property is associated with the development of society. In economics, property is understood as a set of subjects and objects of property, the relationship between subjects about these objects and the economic implementation of these relations.
Appropriation and alienation as a relation to property objects
The relationship between the owners presupposes the appropriation of property by someone, that is, the attitude to the object as to one's own. Assignment is getting something to belong to. In the production process, people appropriate natural resources (matter and energy) and modify them in order to meet their needs. Buying a product is appropriation as well as theft.
Alienation is the reverse process, when the owner is deprived of the opportunity to use this property for his own purposes. He does this voluntarily, for example, when selling or donating an item, involuntarily - when stolen, lost, confiscated …
Property in the economy
Economic science is interested in the issues of appropriation (acquisition) of goods through their production, distribution, exchange and consumption, that is, in an economic way, and not in a military, criminal or any other way.
The object of appropriation is very important in economics. A person who has received a monopoly on a certain resource or production conditions receives exceptional economic opportunities compared to others. For example, the owners of information in the financial market, the owners of the latest production method, etc. The nature of the combination of labor and means of production is very important. If the workers themselves are the owners of the means of production, then the entire product produced will be their property. They own all the income, because they own the production process itself. And if the owner of the means of production is another, then the one who does not have them is forced to become an employee.
In the economic theory of property rights, the so-called "bundle of powers" is distinguished, including the rights of ownership, use, property management, the right to income, the right to transfer power over property), the right to security, to inheritance, to perpetuity of ownership, necessary for the owner, the right to liability in the form of collection (for example, to collect in payment of a debt), the right to restore lost rights, the right to prohibit harmful use. A person is considered a full owner if he has all of the listed rights.
