The judicial system of modern Russia is a complex hierarchical structure. Arbitration courts are one of its elements. Citizens often have a very superficial understanding of the specifics of arbitration cases. In particular, many questions arise when it comes to the limits of the competence of the arbitration courts of appeal.
The activities and responsibilities of all arbitration courts in Russia are determined by the Federal Laws "On the Judicial System of the Russian Federation" and "On Arbitration Courts in the Russian Federation". In accordance with the legislation, the country has a Supreme Arbitration Court, arbitration courts in federal districts, arbitration courts of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation and arbitration courts of appeal.
The courts of appeal in the general arbitration system operate in the composition of the judicial chambers and the presidium. Two courts of appeal are created for each judicial body. The powers of such a court include checking the validity and legality of judicial decisions and acts that have not yet entered into force. Also, the courts of appeal consider cases considered by the courts of first instance, are engaged in the revision of court decisions on newly discovered circumstances. The tasks of the courts of appeal include the analysis of judicial statistics, the study and generalization of the practice of the courts.
The Court of Appeal has the right to apply to the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation with a request regarding the verification of the compliance of the law applied in a particular case. Based on the analysis of appellate cases, the courts prepare proposals for improving laws and other regulations.
Each of the twenty appellate commercial courts existing in Russia has its own apparatus that receives documents, certifies copies of judicial acts, and sends official correspondence. The internal structure of the arbitration court includes judicial departments, clerical offices, bailiffs department and other divisions.
The activities of the courts of appeal are aimed at ensuring the protection of the rights and legitimate interests of citizens and legal entities, including business structures and government entities. Such powers of judges impose restrictions on their activities outside the courts. Judges of the Arbitration Court of Appeal do not have the right to engage in business or work part-time. They are allowed only pedagogical and research activities.
