Any state implements its activities in accordance with a kind of agreement with its citizens. The state guarantees the observance and protection of the rights of its citizens in exchange for the fulfillment of certain obligations. The totality of rights and obligations determines the legal status of a citizen. In the Russian Federation, the opportunity to use rights and perform duties in full begins from the age of 18.
The basic Law
The Constitution, as a fundamental law, is the printed embodiment of such a treaty. The Russian Federation by birthright grants its citizens, as well as citizens of other states and stateless persons staying in the territory of the Russian Federation, inalienable rights, the limitation of which is possible in a strictly regulated manner. An example is imprisonment used by the judiciary as a punishment for a crime.
On the territory of the Russian Federation, rights and freedoms are provided to every person equally, regardless of "gender, race, nationality, language, origin, property and official status, place of residence, attitude to religion, beliefs, membership of public associations."
Various authors classify the rights of citizens of the Russian Federation into several groups (from 3 to 6), these are:
personal, political, socio-economic, cultural and environmental.
Personal rights
They are also called natural, that is, these are human rights from birth, enshrined in law.
These include:
- the right to life and security of person
- the right to inviolability of personal life, privacy of correspondence and any kind of messages
- the right to inviolability of the home
- the right to national self-determination
- the right to use the native language
- the right to free movement within the Russian Federation, to travel abroad and to return back
- the right to freedom of thought and speech, conscience, religion
Political rights
Unlike personal rights, which are guaranteed to any person on the territory of the Russian Federation, political rights are granted exclusively to citizens, such as:
- the right to elect and be elected
- the right to participate in the affairs of the state
- the right to associate
- the right to hold rallies, meetings, etc.
- the right to access public service
- the right to participate in the administration of justice
- the right to appeal to government agencies
Socio-economic, cultural and environmental rights
The Russian Federation guarantees every citizen:
- the right to carry out entrepreneurial activity
- the right to private property, including land and other natural resources
- the right of inheritance
- the right to free choice of profession, to safe and paid work
- the right to rest
- the right to a family
- the right to social security
- the right to health protection and medical care
- the right to a favorable ecological environment, the right to information about the state of the environment
- the right to education, including compulsory secondary and affordable higher
- the right to creativity, participation in cultural life, access to cultural values
- the right to justice, to legal assistance
- the right to compensation for harm caused by illegal actions of state bodies
Duties of a person and a citizen
The Russian Federation, in the basic law, obliges its citizens:
- each person is obliged to respect the rights and freedoms of others, to comply with the laws of the Russian Federation
- parents are obliged to take care of children
- adult children are obliged to take care of their disabled parents
- pay taxes and other fees
- to defend the Motherland, including military duty
- get secondary education
- treats culture with care, preserve cultural and historical monuments
- respects the environment
